Cartridge extractor construction for firearms



March 29, 1949. o msoN, JR A 2,465,553

CARTRIDGE EXTRACTOR CONSTRUCTION FOR FIREARMS Filed Feb. 27, 1946 32 H Z3 z! a Fro/n05 A. Rabi/250, J:

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bane/22 w Patented Mar. 29, 1949 ,rsssa CARTRIDGE EXTRACTOR CONSTRUCTION FOR FIREARMS Application February 27, 1946, Serial No. 650,668

The present invention relates to improvements in cartridge-extractor constructions for firearms, that is to say, structures whereby cartridges may be extracted from the cartridge-chamber of a firearm for ultimate ejection.

One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a novel cartridge-extractor construction which is economical to manufacture.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a superior construction of the character referred to whichcombines reliability in operation with durability and minimum liability to derangement, despite long and hard usage.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a novel cartridge-extractor construction which includes two opposed yielding-arms and in which the relationship of the said arms is maintained with surety.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a superior construction of the character referred to in which one or more extractorcarrying arms are related to a clamping-band in such manner that the said clamping-band and at least one of the said arms serve to mutually stabilize each other on a breech-bolt.

A still further object of the present invention is to provide a superior construction of the character referred to involving both a breech-bolt and a cartridge-extractor unit, both so constructed and arranged that the cartridge-extractor unit is readily applied to and removed from the breech-bolt, to thus facilitate assembly, replacement and repair.

With the above and other objects in view, as appear to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure, this invention includes all features in the said disclosure which are novel over the prior art.

In the accompanying drawings, in which certain modes of carrying out the present invention are shown for illustrative purposes:

Fig. 1 is a broken View in side elevation of the forward portion of a breech-bolt illustrating the cartridge-extractor construction of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a view looking toward the forward end thereof;

Fig. 3 is a top or plan View;

Fig. 4 is an underside view;

Fig. 5 is a transverse sectional view taken on the line 55 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 6 is a view mainly in plan and partly in central-longitudinal section;

Fig. '7 is a perspective view of the forward por-- 3 Claims. (Cl. 4225) 2 tion of the breech-bolt, with the cartridge-extractor unit removed; and

Fig. 8 is a perspective view of the extractorunit, detached.

In the accompanying drawings is illustrated a breech-bolt generally designated by the reference character lil which may be of any approved form but which, in the instance shown, is formed with a flat under-face l l intersecting the forward end of the said breech-bolt and merged at its rear into the generally-cylindrical form of the particular breech-bolt shown, by an inclined surface In its forward face, the breech-bolt I0 is formed with a cartridge-receiving recess 13 of a size designed and adapted to receive the heador rim-end of the particular caliber of cartridge with which the device is intended to be used. At a point to the rear of its forward face, the forward position of the breech-bolt H1 is formed in its periphery with a relatively-shallow bandreceiving groove M extending in a direction circumferentially of the breech-bolt and at each of its respective opposite ends intersecting the under-face l l of the breech-bolt.

In its left side, the forward portion of the breech-bolt I0 is formed with a longitudinal armreceiving groove l5 communicating at its rear end with the band-receiving groove l5 and at its forward end with the cartridge-receiving recess l3, as is especially well shown in Fig. 6. The inner wall of the groove l5 just referred to slopes forwardly and inwardly toward the central-longitudinal axis of the breech-bolt for clearance purposes, as will hereinafter appear.

In its right side at a point substantially diametrically opposite the groove l5 before described, the breech-bolt Ill is formed with an arm-receiving groove Iii which communicates at its rear with the band-receiving groove Id and which communicates at its forward end with the forward face of the breech-bolt IE at a point to one side of the cartridge-receiving recess l3 therein. The inner wall of the arm-receiving recess l6 just referred to slopes forwardly and inwardly toward the central-longitudinal axis of the breech-bolt to provide clearance for the operation of a flexible arm, in a manner as will hereinafter appear.

In its under-face respectively adjacent its opposite sides, the breech-bolt Ill is formed with two parallel longitudinal grooves I! and I8 intersecting the forward end of the said breechbolt, and while they form no essential feature of the present invention, it may be mentioned that the said grooves are ordinarily provided for the clearance of the respective opposite side walls of the upper end of a box magazine.

Designed and adapted for assembly with the breech-bolt l above described, is an extractorunit generally designated by the reference character l9 which is formed of any suitable spring material such, for instance, as a good grade of carbon steel carefully heat-treated. The said extractor-unit includes an arcuate clamping band 20 and two integral complemental arms, 2i,

and 22 extending in substantial parallelism with the axis of the clamping-band 2B and located substantially diametrically opposite each other, as is especially well shown in Fig. 8.

The clamping-band 2! of the extractor-unit i9 is preferably so formed that its inner face tends;

to assume a curvature slightly smaller than the curvature of the bottom wall of the band-receiving groove M in the breech-bolt it, so that when positioned in the said groove, the said clamping- 1 band will grip the said bottom wall, in the manner especially well illustrated in. Fig. 5. Preferably and as shown, the width of the clampingband. 20-is sufficient to substantially fill the bandreceiving groove H, and its integral arms 25 and 22 are so located thereon as to respectively fit Within the longitudinal arm-receiving grooves 5;

and IS in the breech-boit H3.

At its outer end, the extractor-arm 2! of the extractor-unit i9 is formed with a ll-shaped extractor-finger 23 which is adapted to engage withv the head-end of a cartridge when the same is.

breech-bolt it? and having its lower portion bev eled, as at 26, for purposes as will hereinafter appear.

Tl'ie extractonunit if: as illustrated in Fig. 8, may be assembled with the breech-bolt all as illustrated in Fig. 7, by superimposing the extractorunit, upon the breech-bolt so that the respectivelower edgescf the clamping-band 2e rests in the band-receiving groove M. pressure exerted upon the clampingband will cause the lower ends thereof to spread laterally outwardly, similarly spreading the arms 25 and 22.: Ultimately, the lower edges of the clamping band, Edwill pass beyond the transverse center lineof the band-receiving groove i l and the 2! and 22 will snap within the respective armreceiving grooves l and ill and assume the relationship illustrated in Figs. 1 to 6, inclusive.

When assembled as above described, the coaction of the front and rear edges of the clampingbandit respectively with the front and rear walls of the band-receiving groove it will serve to b8,? biliZe the extractor-unit against displacement in, Under grooves 15 and. it will prevent the extractor-unitfrom turning around the central longitudinal axis-- of,..the.,bree.ch-bolt and will retain the; said,ex-.

Relative downward 4 tractor-unit against unintentional separation from the breech-bolt.

When it is desired to remove the extractor-- unit Hi from the breech-bolt ll one of the termirial-edges of the clamping-band 28 may be pried outwardly, to thereby remove the adjacent one of the armsg2l or 22 from its arm-receiving groove (M or' E5, as the case may be), whereupon the entire extractonunit may be separated from the l breech-bolt.

Withthe extractor-unit it assembled with the breech-bolt l0, as is illustrated in Figs. 1 to 6, inclusive, the extractor-finger 23 and the extractorhookz25 of the saideXtractor-unit, are in a positionwhereby the-head-end of a cartridge may be moved upwardly into the cartridge-receiving recessv l3.in,the forward end of the breech-bolt as, for instance, from a conventional box-magazine common in the art.

As such a cartridge moves upwardly, the guidefinger-24v of the extractor-finger 23 and the bevel 23011 the extractor-hook 25, will serve to aid in? guiding the;head-end of such a cartridge into a: position wherein the said cartridge has its longi-.-

tudinal axis'substantially coincident with the central=longitudinalaxis of the breech-bolt it. During the action just referred to, the extractor-fin.- ger 23 and the extractor-hook 255 will be sprung slightly outwardly, as will also their respective arms 2 l and 22: When a cartridge is fully located in the cartridge-receiving recess it, as above described,gthe inner reach of the V-shaped extractor-finger-23 will serve to urge the cartridge laterally toward the opposite side-wall of the cartridge-receivingzrecess l3 and toward the BX? tractor-hook-EB, so that such a cartridge Will be,

firmly held in engagement with the breech-bolt:

for advancement thereby into any suitable cartridge-chamber in a firearm utilizing the breechbolt and'eXtractor-assembly above described:

In the event that it is desired to have the as sembly of. Figs. 1 to 6, inclusive, engage with a cartridgewhich is. already axially in. line therewith,, this may be accomplished by advancing the assembly referred to toward the head-endof such a cartridge, whereupon the sloping forward surface of the extractor-finger 23 and the similar surface of the extractor-hook 255 will. be.

cammedoutwardlybythe engagement with the head-end of the cartridge and will then snap over the forward edge of such a cartridge head.

The invention; may be carried out in other specific ways than those herein set forth without departing from the spirit and essential characteristics'ofgthe invention. and the present'em.- bodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all; respectszas illustrative and not restrictive, and."

arms, including in combination: a breech-bolt; formed in, its outer surface to the rear of its forincluding a spring-like CL-shaped clamping-band of.;sufliciently-less width than the said band-receiving groove to be freely installable in and removable with respect thereto, and of sufficient circumferential extent to yieldingly retain both of its hereinafter-mentioned arms in the respective arm-receiving grooves of the breech-bolt the said clamping-band having its movement in the direction lengthwise of the breech-bolt limited by the front and rear walls of the said bandreeeiving groove, the said extractor-unit also having an integral outwardly-yielding spring-like flexible extractor-arm formed integral with and extending forwardly from the said C-shaped clamping-band through the arm-receiving groove which intersects both the said band-receiving groove and the front face of the breech-bolt, the said extractor-arm being sufiiciently narrower than the arm-receiving groove in which it fits so as to be movable into and out of its said groove in a direction substantially laterally of the breech-bolt and carrying cartridge-extracting means at its forward end, the said clamping-band also being provided with a second integral arm extending substantially longitud nally of the breech-bolt structure and freely fitting into the other lengthwise groove in the said breech-bolt with capacity for being moved into and out of the said groove in a direction substantially transverse of the breech-bolt; the inward tension of the said clamping-band serving to yieldingly clasp the transversely-grooved portion of the said breech-bolt and to yieldingly seat the said extractor-arm and the said second arm in the respective long tud nal arm-receiving grooves in which they fit the said clamping-band yielding outwardly to permit it to be snapped off of and onto the transversely-grooved portion of the breech-bolt and to permit the two said arms of the extractor-unit to be moved into and out of their respective longitudinal grooves in a direction substantially transversely of the breechbolt.

2. A cartridge-extractor construction for firearms, including in combination: a breech-bolt formed in its outer surface to the rear of its forward end with a band-receiving groove extending substantially transversely thereof and with two circumferentially spaced apart arm receiving grooves extending substantially longitudinally of the breech-bolt and both intersecting the said band-receiving groove and the forward face of the breech-bolt; and a self-retaining extractorunit formed of spring material and including a spring-like C-shaped clamping-band of sufficiently-less width than the said band-receiving groove to be freely installable in and removable with respect thereto, and of sufficient circumferential extent to yleldingly retain both of its hereinaftermentioned arms in the respective arm-receiving grooves of the breech-bolt the said clamping-band having its movement in the direction lengthwise of the breech-bolt limited by the front and rear walls of the said band-receiving groove, the said extractor-unit also having two integral outwardly-yielding spring-like flexible extractor-arms formed integral with and extending forwardly from the said c-shaped clamping-band respectively through the arm-receiving grooves of the breech-bolt, each of the said extractor-arms being sumciently narrower than the arm-receiving groove in which it fits so as to be movable into and out of its said groove in a direction substantially laterally of the breech-bolt and carrying cartridge-extracting means at its forward end, the inward tension of the said clamping-band serving to yieldingly clasp the transverselygrooved portion of the said breech-bolt and to yieldingly seat both of the said extractor-arms in the respective longitudinal arm-receiving grooves in which they fit, the said clamping-band yielding outwardly to permit it to be snapped off of and onto the transversely-grooved portion of the breech-bolt and to permit the two said extractor-arms of the extractor-unit to be moved out of their respective longitudinal grooves in a direction substantially transversely of the breechbolt.

3. A cartridge-extractor construction for firearms, including in combination: a breech-bolt formed in its outer surface to the rear of its forward end with a band-receiving groove extending substantially transversely thereof and with an arm-receiving groove extending substantially longitudinally of the breech-bolt and intersecting both the said band-receiving groove and the forward face of the breech-bolt; and a self-retaining extractor-unit formed of spring material and including a C-shaped spring-like clampingband of sufliciently-less width than the said bandreceiving groove to be freely installable in and removable with respect thereto and of sufficient circumferential extent to be self-retaining in the said band-receiving groove, the said clampingband having its movement in the direction lengthwise of the breech-bolt limited by the front and rear walls of the said band-receiving groove, the said extractor-unit also having a unitary outwardly-yielding spring-like flexible extractor-arm extending forwardly from the said C-shaped clamping-band through the said arm-receiving groove and sufficiently narrower than the latter so as to be movable into and out of its said groove in a direction substantially laterally of the breech-bolt, the said flexible extractor-arm carrying cartridge-extracting means at its forward end; the said clamping-band being inwardly tensioned to yieldingly clasp the transverselygrooved portion of the said breech-bolt and to yieldingly seat the said extractor-arm in the said longitudinal arm-receiving groove, the said clamping-band yielding outwardly to permit it to be snapped off of and onto the transverselygrooved portion of the breech-bolt and to permit the said extractor-arm to be moved substantially laterally into and out of the said arm-receiving groove.

THOMAS R. ROBINSON, JR.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 230,224 Beebe July 20, 1880 1,315,295 Forbes Sept. 9, 1919 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 12,181 Great Britain 1891 20,858 Great Britain 1893 637,801 Germany Nov. 4, 1936 

